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Unit Group (L4) • 3521

3521 — Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians

3 TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONAL› 35 Information and Communications Technicians› 352 Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians› 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians

Explore overview, tasks, skills, education, work context, earnings, and pathways for this Unit Group.

L4 CODE: 3521
Job summary
  • Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians (KeSCO 3521) supports outcomes in the Technical & Associate Professionals sector by applying job-specific knowledge
  • standards
  • and tools to deliver quality services or outputs. Duties and complexity vary by employer
  • work setting
  • and seniority level
  • but the occupation generally requires reliability
  • competence
  • and continuous learning.
Minimum entry requirement summary
Diploma or Certificate
Future outlook
  • Future trends such as digital transformation
  • automation
  • climate resilience
  • and changing consumer needs are shaping most occupations. Workers who continuously upskill (digital literacy
  • quality standards
  • safety
  • customer service
  • and modern tools) are more resilient and competitive.
Sectors and industries
Technical & Associate ProfessionalsTechnical ServicesOperations SupportField ServicesQuality/ComplianceMaintenance
Employment prospects (narrative)
  • Prospects depend on national and county demand
  • sector investment
  • policy priorities
  • and supply of trained workers. Job seekers improve prospects by gaining practical experience
  • building a portfolio or track record
  • earning relevant certifications
  • and being flexible on location and sub-sector.
Key tasks (structured)
  • Plan and prioritise daily work activities to meet targets and deadlines
  • Follow workplace procedures, standards, and relevant regulations
  • Carry out core job duties accurately and safely
  • Use job tools/equipment/software correctly and maintain them appropriately
  • Communicate progress, issues, and requirements with supervisors and colleagues
  • Serve clients/customers professionally and resolve routine queries
  • Document work completed, maintain records, and submit routine reports
  • Identify errors, risks, or service gaps and propose improvements
  • Work as part of a team and coordinate tasks across units
  • Maintain confidentiality and ethical conduct where required
  • Comply with occupational safety and health (OSH) guidelines
  • Participate in training, mentoring, or continuous improvement activities
Core skills
  • Communication (verbal and written)
  • Teamwork and collaboration
  • Problem-solving and critical thinking
  • Time management and prioritisation
  • Attention to detail and accuracy
  • Customer service orientation
  • Integrity and ethical conduct
  • Adaptability and continuous learning
  • Decision-making and judgement
  • Documentation and record-keeping
  • Digital literacy (basic)
  • Safety awareness and compliance mindset
Technical / occupational skills
  • Use of hand and power tools safely
  • Installation, maintenance, and repair procedures
  • Reading drawings/specifications and measurements
  • Troubleshooting and fault diagnosis
  • Quality control and workmanship standards
  • Equipment handling and preventive maintenance
  • Workplace safety and PPE usage
  • Basic electrical/mechanical principles (as relevant)
  • Material handling and storage
  • Site readiness and task planning
  • Compliance with standards and inspections
Transferable / soft skills
  • Leadership and supervision (as one progresses)
  • Negotiation and stakeholder management
  • Conflict resolution
  • Presentation and public speaking
  • Creativity and innovation
  • Emotional intelligence
  • Planning and organisation
  • Resilience and stress management
  • Service mindset and empathy
  • Networking and relationship building
  • Analytical thinking
  • Professionalism and work discipline
Skills & competencies (general description)
  • Prospects depend on national and county demand
  • sector investment
  • policy priorities
  • and supply of trained workers. Job seekers improve prospects by gaining practical experience
  • building a portfolio or track record
  • earning relevant certifications
  • and being flexible on location and sub-sector.
Certifications, licenses & registration
  • Trade test / competency certification (where applicable)
  • Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) certification (strongly recommended)
  • Equipment-specific operator certification (where applicable)
  • First Aid certification (recommended in many workplaces)
Education & training pathways (narrative)
  • TVET certificate/artisan programme aligned to the occupation
  • Diploma programme for more advanced technical roles
  • Attachment/industrial training/apprenticeship
  • Competency assessment/trade test (where applicable)
  • Experience-based progression into senior technician/foreman/supervisor roles
Education pathways (structured)
  • TVET certificate/artisan programme aligned to the occupation
  • Diploma programme for more advanced technical roles
  • Attachment/industrial training/apprenticeship
  • Competency assessment/trade test (where applicable)
  • Experience-based progression into senior technician/foreman/supervisor roles
Minimum entry requirements
  • Minimum education: Diploma or Certificate
  • Basic literacy and numeracy (reading, writing, and basic calculations)
  • Good conduct, reliability, and professional behaviour
  • Ability to follow instructions, procedures, and workplace rules
  • Basic digital literacy where the role uses computers/phones
  • Physical/medical fitness where the role is physically demanding or safety-sensitive
  • Regulatory registration/licensing where required (profession-dependent)
  • Background checks/clearance for sensitive roles where applicable
Relevant courses to consider
  • Diploma/Certificate in Electrical/Electronics Engineering
  • Diploma/Certificate in Mechanical Engineering
  • Civil/Construction Technology
  • Welding and Fabrication
  • Plumbing and Pipefitting
  • Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
  • Automotive Mechanics
  • Plant/Machine Operation
  • Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
  • CAD/Draughting basics
Institutions where to learn
  • Universities (accredited public and private universities offering relevant programmes)
  • National Polytechnics and TVET institutions (diploma, certificate, artisan programmes)
  • Technical Training Institutes and Vocational Centres
  • Professional Colleges and Accredited Training Academies
  • Sector Training Authorities and Recognised Centres of Excellence
  • Employer-based Academies and Apprenticeship Programmes
  • Online Learning Platforms (supplementary; verify recognition for regulated fields)
  • Industry Associations and Professional Bodies (short courses/CPD)
Work environment & conditions (narrative)
  • Workplace policies
  • Team collaboration
  • Quality standards
  • Workshop/lab
  • Field support
  • Equipment handling
  • Inspections
Typical employers / places of work
  • Public sector institutions
  • private companies
  • NGOs and community-based organisations depending on the sector.
Work setting
Not specified.
Work schedule
Full-time commonDaytime hours commonDeadlines possible
Employment type
Formal employment possible
Salary ranges
Entry
KES 30,000 – 80,000
Mid
KES 80,000 – 150,000
Senior
KES 150,000+
Earnings, wages & prospects (narrative)
  • Entry-level typical range (illustrative): KES 30,000 – 80,000
  • Mid-level typical range (illustrative): KES 80,000 – 150,000
  • Senior/experienced typical range (illustrative): KES 150,000+
  • Earnings vary by employer (public/private), location, allowances, commissions, overtime, risk factors, and scarcity of skills
How to become one
  • Study in a technical or vocational programme
  • complete industrial attachments and build experience in applied technical roles.
Career progression
  • Entry/Intern → Junior Practitioner → Mid-level → Senior Specialist
  • Senior Specialist → Team Lead/Principal → Manager/Head of Unit (where applicable)
  • Some pathways include consultancy, research, training, or policy roles
Related & alternative occupations
  • Other occupations within the same KeSCO major group
  • Support roles in the same sector/industry
  • Supervisory roles related to this occupation’s work area
  • Specialist variants of the same occupation (where they exist)
Occupation titles
3521-11 — Assistant, production: media
3521-12 — Assistant, production: motion picture
3521-13 — Cameraman, motion picture
3521-14 — Cameraman, video
3521-15 — Camerawoman, motion picture
3521-16 — Camerawoman, video
3521-17 — Cinematographer
3521-18 — Editor, sound
3521-21 — Mixer, sound
3521-22 — Operator, audio equipment: radio
3521-23 — Operator, audio equipment: television
3521-24 — Operator, audio-visual
3521-25 — Operator, broadcasting equipment
3521-26 — Operator, camera: motion picture
3521-27 — Operator, camera: television
3521-28 — Operator, camera: video
3521-31 — Operator, control-panel: radio
3521-32 — Operator, control-panel: television
3521-33 — Operator, dubbing equipment
3521-34 — Operator, microphone
3521-35 — Operator, public address equipment
3521-36 — Operator, recording equipment
3521-37 — Operator, studio equipment: radio
3521-38 — Operator, studio equipment: television
3521-41 — Operator, transmitting equipment: radio
3521-42 — Operator, transmitting equipment: television
3521-43 — Projectionist, cinema
3521-44 — Technician, broadcasting
3521-47 — Technician, sound-effects
3521-48 — Technician, sound-testing
3521-45 — Technician, sound: studio (radio)
3521-46 — Technician, sound: studio (television)
3521-51 — Technician, video